Evidence-Based Practice Implementation in the Treatment of Breast Research Paper

Proof Based Practice Implementation in the Treatment of Breast Cancer - Research Paper Example As the paper states proof based practice is an approach to convey social insurance to patients that objectives issues in the current framework by coordinating the practices that yielded the best outcomes through exploration of important examinations and precise patient-care information, alongside the skill of masters and the contribution of patients with respect to their inclinations and qualities. The best patient results can be acknowledged when EBP is led with regards to mind, inside a strong authoritative structure and on the off chance that it is coordinated into the organization’s culture. Throughout the years, numerous social insurance establishments have adjusted EBP in making clinical practice rules for the treatment and care of patients tormented with different infections. From this report it is away from the maladies that EBP has been applied to, the most significant can ostensibly be bosom malignant growth. Bosom malignant growth is as yet the main source of disease related passings in ladies worldwide and it is the most widely recognized kind of malignant growth to distress females with over 1.1 million new cases analyzed every year. Bosom malignant growth is likewise considered as the absolute most common disease on the planet since more than 4.4 million ladies determined to have bosom disease over the most recent five years are presently alive and are taking in-tolerant and out-persistent consideration from various social insurance establishments around the world. It has been guessed that with the guide of EBP to improve clinical practice, 5-year endurance after bosom disease treatment could increment by up to 10%.... 5-year endurance after bosom disease treatment could increment by up to 10% (Sainsbury, Haward, Rider, Johnston, and Round, 1995 as refered to in Sacerdote et al., 2013). Sacerdote et al. (2013) led an investigation in Piedmont, Italy to assess the distinction in bosom malignant growth persistent consideration quality before the usage of an EBP rule and after the execution of the EBP rule. The rule that Sacerdote et al. assessed was the Piedmont rule (PGL) and it comprises the consistence of 14 nature of-care markers in understanding to EBP. The focal point of their examination is to assess the impacts of EBP on bosom disease treatment and to decide how well the PGL has been actualized. Rundown of the Study Since Sacerdote et al.’s study was worried about the status of bosom malignancy care when the usage of the PGL, two patient gatherings were chosen. Bosom malignancy patients analyzed and rewarded during the first 50% of 2002 were the pre-PGL gathering while patients who wer e analyzed and rewarded after 2004 were the post-PGL gathering. The practices suggested in the PGL were at that point being done in the provincial medical clinics even before the usage of the PGL. Somewhere in the range of 2002 and 2004, 8 markers out of the 14 moved towards the normal norm, anyway just 4 of these 8 upgrades were factually critical. It is strongly prescribed for patients with medium-to-high danger of inaccessible metastasis to experience chemotherapy or radiation after Breast Conservative Surgery however for patients with generally safe of far off metastasis, the presentation to radiation and chemo may really exacerbate their condition or hurry the repeat of malignant growth. Following the suggestions of medical attendants and experts utilizing EBP, the level of generally safe patients that took chemo-and

Civil Engineering Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Structural Engineering - Research Paper Example Structural building is perhaps the best calling since it gives affirmation of a decent profession ahead with colossal open doors for development and administration to society on the grounds that a structural designer works for the improvement of offices and administrations gave to individuals as framework and solace of living. Taking up structural designing as a calling offers boundless inventiveness, a decent vocation development, and mental fulfillment as a result of the chance to serve the people.Civil building is an immense field and in this manner gives various alternatives to proficient development. Beginning from examining the plausibility of a task the following occupation of the structural specialist is to design the execution of the undertaking. The following stage is the plan of the task which is a basic period of the undertaking and configuration requires the specialists to have a solid order over the specialized abilities identified with auxiliary and geotechnical design ing. From that point forward, the agreement procedure starts and there is a broad association of lawful procedures. The development period of the venture is where the genuine execution of thoughts is done and the plans are acknowledged on a ground surface. The activity of structural architect doesn't end here, the upkeep of the structures, the waste administration and arrangement of access to the structure are likewise the duties of a structural designer. In this way respectful designing as a calling offers a wide scope of chances and an individual can choose the field which suits his capacities and inclination.

In the news 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

In the news 2 - Assignment Example ed individuals have been joined with their families and the news that the pioneer of the gathering had was to be re-joined with her grandson evoked feelings in Argentina. Powers that were unified to the legislature grabbed babies somewhere in the range of 1976 and 1983 throughout military dictatorship which was probably the murkiest period in a period that was entitled the Dirty war. Carlotto’s little girl was a piece of a guerilla bunch when she was captured and detained in 1977at when she was just about a quarter of a year pregnant. She needed to bring forth her so at a military clinic and she was come back to her phone without her child and later executed. The tyranny removed Carlotto’s girl and she had no clue what had befallen her grandson despite the fact that she kept her expectation. The grandson who was brought together with his grandma is a 36 years of age who is named Ignacio Hurban and fills in as a music executive in a school in Olavarria however at first had questions concerning an incredible narrative which drove him to contact the grandmas with an amazing account where he submitted DNA. After the DNA was tried, it was seen as a 99.99 percent coordinate despite the fact that the first run through the grandson had questions are not satisfactory. The leader of Argentina was among the individuals who called the grandma after the updates on discovering her grandson had been uncovered to

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

Human Resource Management - Essay Example Numerous organizations need more assets to put resources into the enlistment procedure. In actuality, for an organization to pull in the most appropriate competitors they have to promote however much as could be expected and the most financially savvy and proficient way is that of electronic enrollment. It is imperative to convey appropriately and have elegantly composed portrayals. To draw in the potential applicants it is huge to have an elegantly composed portrayal of the position which is neither too long nor excessively short. It ought to appropriately convey all the significant data. Presentation A procedure of pulling in the most appropriate competitors and causing them to go after that specific position in an organization or association is known as enlistment. It is a procedure and an approach to enlist the correct sort of contender for the correct activity. Enrollment is turning into a basic and critical part of the human asset structure (Alvesson, 2010). It is profoundly cr itical to enlist individuals who have more characteristics and are progressively gifted. For this an extremely fine and appropriately adjusted enlistment process is required. This is to guarantee that the employed individuals are the most skilled ones and are the most ideal fit for the activity. So as to quantify the viability of the enlistment procedure the association needs to offer significance to the input from interior clients, its representatives and from the outside clients. There are a few techniques for enlistment process. The two expansive headings for the enrollment technique are that of inside enlistment and outer enrollment (Becker, 2007). Occupation commercial, enrollment and business organizations, inner announcements and the proposals actually, work focuses of government and the new online life are the couple of most usually utilized strategies for enlistment. Occupation notice is the most broadly utilized enrollment strategy. In this technique the association basica lly and deliberately searched out the spots it needs to publicize in. A run of the mill work ad incorporates all the significant data like employment title, the area, portrayal, remuneration bundle and guidelines to go after the position (Thompson and Luthans, 1990). Associations now and again utilize the offices like enlistment organizations and business offices to draw in the most reasonable competitors and recruit them. The offices help the association in the screening of the resumes in the underlying stage, the evaluation of capabilities and their test, and furthermore the reference checks. Individual proposals and interior announcement is likewise a technique for enrollment (Sheridan, 2002). This is finished by the associations to caution the staff for the accessible positions. The associations go through this technique to put a motivating force for the ones who are looking for progression and furthermore to look for the worker referrals. This strategy can be a viable one as th e workers are now connected with the organization and aides in setting aside the time and cash of the organization. Another technique is work focuses of government that normally promote the activity for the improvement of representatives with an end goal to serve the residents looking for business. The new and the most recent method of enrollment is that of online networking. This is the quickest and the most productive asset for enlistment nowadays. It enables the experts to interface all adjust the globe. This technique is exceptionally proficient in pulling in the most extreme number of applicants in the briefest conceivable time (Wanous

White House Official Jason Bordoff joins SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

White House Official Jason Bordoff joins SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Jason Bordoff, a special assistant to President Obama and senior director for energy and climate change on the staff of the National Security Council, has joined Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs, SIPA officials announced. Bordoff will join the faculty as a professor of professional practice and will serve as director of SIPA’s Center on Global Energy Policy. One of the nation’s top energy policy experts, Bordoff also held senior policy roles in the White House’s National Economic Council and Council on Environmental Quality. He joined the Obama administration in April 2009. “I’m thrilled to join the Columbia faculty and to build the Center on Global Energy Policy,” Bordoff said. “As we have seen, there are few policy issues more important on the world stage. Energy policy has a profound impact on the global economy and geopolitics. As someone who has relied on academic and think-tank analysis to help inform policy decisions, I know there is a need for more independent, rigorous analysis of the energy policy choices that our leaders face. And there are few places better positioned than Columbia to fill that need, with its world-class reputation, New York location, highly international student body and faculty, and depth and strength in a wide range of disciplines. To read Jason Bordoffs biography, click here.

Analysis of the American Reality, Possibility, and Dream found in Nickel and Dimed and The Outsiders - Literature Essay Samples

Every American is familiar with the concept of the American Dream. It is the social myth at the very core of the nation’s identity. Unlike other countries, the United States is not rooted in a shared ancestry, history, or language. Instead, Americans find their unity in a common aspiration—the hope of a better future for themselves and their children in the Land of Opportunity. This is the vision that drove the Puritans to brave the sea, inspired the founding fathers to sign the Declaration of Independence, and continues to bring immigrants teeming into the country. The American Dream is deeply rooted in the culture and psyche of the United States and its citizens. It is a common theme in literature as American authors struggle to interpret the social myth in light of reality. One of the most beloved discussions and deconstructions of the American Dream is a novel written by Susan Eloise Hinton when she was only sixteen. The Outsiders chronicles the story of seven boys and their struggle to overcome the stereotypes forced on them by their community. Through the eyes of adolescence, Hinton analyzes the American Dream by addressing the gulfs that separate the Dream from reality, and the reality from the possibility of achieving the Dream. Another book with a similar purpose is Barbara Ehrenreich’s Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting by in America. Unlike The Outsiders, Nickel and Dimed is a nonfictional account of Ehrenreich’s experiences as she attempts to support herself by working various blue collar jobs. Ehrenreich accuses America of abandoning the working poor who, she argues, are unable to support themselves on current minimum wage salaries. Furthermore, her exposà © shows an economic system that encourages the abuse and dehumanization of its low-income workers. Even while she stresses the importance of financial stability to the fulfillment of the American Dream, Ehrenreich spends a large portion of the book illustrating how a lack of humanity, in the system and between the classes, is the root cause of the large gap between rich and poor. While Hinton and Ehrenreich approach the American Dream from two very different perspectives, both conclude that a mutual respect and understanding between all people, regardless of class, is essential to fully restore the Dream for all Americans. The United States of America was founded on the notion that â€Å"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness† should be available to every citizen. The belief that these rights are available to every citizen is a great American myth. In his book The American Dream: The Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation, Jim Cullen calls this â€Å"idea that individuals have control over the course of their lives†¦ the very core of the American Dream, the bedrock premise upon which all else depends† (10). Hinton and Ehrenreich both attack the validity of the myth that equal opportunity is a reality in America and identify it as a source of prejudice and misunderstanding between the classes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ehrenreich’s opinions about poverty, before she began her undercover journalism research, correspond strongly with the way average middle and upper class Americans think. She describes how she â€Å"grew up hearing over and over, to the point of tedium, that ‘hard work’ was the secret of success† (Ehrenreich 220). When she attempts to support herself as a blue collar worker, however, she finds that â€Å"you [can] work hard—harder even than you ever thought possible—and still find yourself sinking ever deeper into poverty and debt† (Ehrenreich 220). In his book, Beyond the American Dream, Charles Hayes describes how the disconnection between the myth and reality stigmatizes the poor: The higher the level of social position reached†¦ the more the people on that level seem blinded by the relative advantage of their position. For example, the middle class expects the bottom level to simply go out and get a job, failing to see the dist inct advantage they themselves maintain through quality education and social connections. The typical middle-class businessman†¦ sees himself as deserving while he sees those at lower economic levels as being lazy and undeserving. (18-19) During her experience as a temporary member of working class America, Ehrenreich found the work exhausting, both physically and emotionally. Working as a maid, she describes the â€Å"exercise† as â€Å"totally asymmetrical, brutally repetitive, and as likely to destroy the musculoskeletal structure as to strengthen it† (Ehrenreich 90). Many of her coworkers work through pain, malnutrition, or pregnancy in order to keep their jobs and because they can’t afford to take unpaid days off. Several of the maids have injuries, treated and untreated, due to their work. Despite the prevalent idea that the poor can break free from poverty simply by working hard, Ehrenreich’s coworkers endure body-breaking work without having the opportunity to save enough to change their situation or seek out a different job.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Like Ehrenreich, Hinton also argues that equal opportunity is a myth that contributes to prejudice. In The Outsiders, Ponyboy, the narrator, lives in a world divided by social class. The poor kids living on the East side, labeled â€Å"greasers† by the rest of the community, endure a multitude of stereotypes and stigmas. Ponyboy, and the other boys who make up his adopted family, or gang, know the labels well. On their way to a fight, they â€Å"embrace the stereotypes† (Inderbitzen 360), chanting: â€Å"‘I am a greaser†¦, I am a JD and a hood. I blacken the name of our fair city. I beat up people. I rob gas stations. I am a menace to society. Man, do I have fun O victim of environment, underprivileged, rotten, no-count hood!’† (Hinton 144). Despite their willingness to unite under these stereotypes, however, Ponyboy’s account of events brings the reader to a different understanding of the greasers. One member of the gang, in particular, allows the reader a fresh perspective on these dehumanizing stereotypes. Dally, who has â€Å"spent three years on the wild side of New York and had been arrested at the age of ten,† is the hardest kid of the group: â€Å"tougher, colder, meaner† (Hinton 19). Even Ponyboy, though he respects Dally, doesn’t like him. The tough faà §ade rapidly crumbles, however, when Johnny, Dally’s friend, dies from injuries sustained while rescuing children from a burning building. â€Å"‘That’s what you get for tryin’ to help people, you little punk,’ Dally blurts at Johnny’s body, ‘that’s what you get†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (Hinton 157). Dally’s own life circumstances have taught him that selflessness, such as Johnny’s heroic efforts, results only in personal disaster and pain. Since his childhood, Dally has learned to meet the world with a cold detachment in order to survive the harsh, inner-city streets. When he loses the only person who had slipped past his defenses and grown close to him, the pain overwhelms Dally. He pulls an unloaded gun on the police, forcing them to shoot him. Though Dally embodied many of the stereotypes forced onto all greasers, ultimately he was just a child trying to protect himself in a world where no parent had ever cared for him. The great tragedy of his death is that Dally still had the potential to be an extraordinary person. In him, Johnny saw a strong, â€Å"gallant† hero (Hinton 84), someone to look up to. Dally’s efforts to save Johnny from the fire at the risk of his own life provide a glimpse into the person he might have become had the circumstances been different. Unlike the labels suggest, Dally was not ruined beyond repair or redemption by his environment. He was still a human being, and, as such, he still had the ability to choose who he might have become. The myth, therefore, perpetuates stereotypes that prevent empathy and g uidance from being given to kids because they are viewed as already beyond help.     Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite the myth of equal opportunity, the American Dream is still carried in the hearts of poor and rich Americans alike. Ehrenreich and Hinton each comment on what the Dream looks like through the eyes of the poor and compare it to the Dream as interpreted by the middle and upper classes. After examining the Dream of each class, both authors conclude that the Dreams are complimentary, not antagonistic. In Nickel and Dimed, the viewpoints of those struggling with poverty come in the form of interviews with Ehrenreich’s coworkers. Near the end of her job as a maid, Ehrenreich asks the women who she was working with how they felt about the owners of the houses they clean, â€Å"who have so much while others, like themselves, barely get by† (118). Answers two of the women give shed light on a commonality in the Dream held by each person struggling with poverty. Lori responds, â€Å"All I can think of is like, wow, I’d like to have this stuff someday. It motivates me and I don’t feel the slightest resentment because, you know, it’s my goal to get to where they are† (Ehrenreich 118). Colleen’s answer is somewhat different: â€Å"I don’t mind, really, because I guess I’m a simple person, and I don’t want what they have. I mean, it’s nothing to me. But what I would like is to be able to take a day off now and then†¦ if I had to†¦ and still be able to buy groceries the next day† (Ehrenreich 119). Though Lori and Colleen have different Dreams, the need for economic security is common to both. Without enough income to begin saving, the poor are trapped in their current situation without hope of escape. Even the ability to find a higher paying job is severely limited by lack of time, energy, and transportation. The smallest disaster could push their delicately balanced lives over the edge and leave them without either a job or money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Dream of the rich, as expressed in Nickel and Dimed, comes from the author’s own perspective. Both Ehrenreich’s desire to research and write the book, as well as comments she makes about her own state of mind, reveal her own, middle-class Dream. Reflecting upon her â€Å"savior complex,† Ehrenreich admits, â€Å"Even my motives seem murky at the moment. Yes, I want to help Holly and everyone else in need, on a worldwide basis if possible. I am a ‘good person,’†¦, but maybe I’m also just sick of my suddenly acquired insignificance. Maybe I want to ‘be somebody,’†¦, somebody generous, competent, brave, and perhaps, above all, noticeable† (Ehrenreich 99). The need to matter is one she constantly wrestles with while preforming the menial tasks required of her from the various blue collar jobs she works. In order to cope with each of her jobs, Ehrenreich either finds meaning in it or creates meaning from pure fanta sy. In what she calls a â€Å"psychic flotation device† (108), Ehrenreich pretends, â€Å"I am not working for a maid service; rather, I have joined a mystic order dedicated to performing the most despised of tasks, cheerfully and virtually for free—grateful, in fact, for this chance to earn grace through submission and toil† (108). Unlike those who risk going hungry day by day, with no foreseeable route of escape, Ehrenreich is not really in any danger of starvation. Her basic needs are met and her current situation is only a charade. Her Dream focuses much more heavily on the upper levels of Maslow’s hierarchy: belonging, esteem, and self-actualization (â€Å"Need-Hierarchy Theory†). It is, in fact, these needs that have driven her to spend time living as one of America’s working poor. By temporarily giving up her privileged position, Ehrenreich is fulfilling her own Dream of doing meaningful work and being somebody who matters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Outsiders, the Dream of the lower class is expressed through the narrator. Like Ehrenreich, Ponyboy also shares with the reader his own fantasy: I loved the country. I wanted to be out of towns and away from excitement. I only wanted to lie on my back under a tree and read a book or draw a picture, and not worry about being jumped or carrying a blade The gang could come out on weekends, and maybe Dallas would see that there was some good in the world after all, and Mom would talk to him and make him grin in spite of himself†¦ She could talk to Dallas and keep him from getting into a lot of trouble. (Hinton 56) Like Colleen and Lori, Ponyboy also desires a certain amount of economic stability and freedom, but his Dream goes much deeper than that; he also wants peace. In his neighborhood, torn apart by social class, the greasers cannot even walk alone without fear of being jumped by the socs, kids from wealthy families who â€Å"had so much spare time and money that they jumped [greasers] and each other for kicks, had beer blasts and river-bottom parties because they didn’t know what else to do† (Hinton 51). Ponyboy’s idyllic version of the country represents his Dream for the world: a place where nobody has so little money that they are â€Å"hardened beyond caring† (Hinton 67) like Dally or so much money that they have nothing left to work for, like the socs. In his Dream, he is once again cared for by his parents. He is allowed to enjoy his childhood rather than wrestling with adult problems in an adult-less world.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Dream of the upper class is related by the soc Cherry Valence who confides in Ponyboy, telling him that being rich isn’t all it’s made out to be: ‘We’re sophisticated—cool to the point of not feeling anything. Nothing is for real with us. You know, sometimes I’ll catch myself talking to a girl-friend, and realize I don’t mean half of what I’m saying†¦ Rat race is a perfect name for it,’ she said. ‘We’re always going and going and going, and never asking where. Did you ever hear of having more than you wanted? So that you couldn’t want anything else and then started looking for something else to want? It seems like we’re always searching for something to satisfy us, and never finding it. Maybe if we could lose our cool we could.’ (Hinton 46) Cherry’s Dream, ironically, is to have a Dream—something to strive for. Like Ponyboy, she lives in a world consumed by money, only, rather than having too little, she has too much. The class culture she grew up in demands she meet social expectations, never letting her true self shine through. In talking to Ponyboy, she is able to make a genuine connection with another human being because she does not have to worry about keeping up appearances or fitting into cultural stereotypes. Just as Ehrenreich was able to fulfill her Dream of bettering the world and doing something meaningful by entering into the world of the working class poor, Cherry also found her Dream fulfilled when she stepped outside of her own social class and befriended a greaser. For both Hinton and Ehrenreich, the only way to restore equal opportunity to America and allow each individual the possibility of living the American Dream is through mutual friendship and respect between social classes. Works Cited Cullen, Jim. The American Dream: A Short History of an Idea That Shaped a Nation. New York: Oxford, 2003. Print. Ehrenreich, Barbara. Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America. New York: Henry Holt, 2002. Print. Hayes, Charles, D. Beyond the American Dream: Lifelong Learning and the Search for Meaning in a Postmodern World. Wasilla, AK: Autodidactic Press, 1998. Print.    Hinton, S. E. The Outsiders. New York: The Viking Press, 1967. Print. Inderbitzin, Michelle. â€Å"Outsiders and Justice Consciousness.† Contemporary Justice Review. 6.4 (2003): 357-352. Web. 29 Dec. 2011.   Ã‚   Need-Hierarchy Theory.  Ã‚  A Dictionary of Psychology. Oxford Reference Online. Web. 25 Jan. 2012.

The Relationship Between Critical Thinking and Decision...

Critical thinking and decision-making are related in more ways than people think. This paper will define critical thinking and decision-making according to the book Whatever It Takes. It will also present a personal definition of critical thinking and decision-making from the author of this paper. The relationship between the two will be explained as well as the benefits of being a critical thinker. The author of this paper will also show how critical thinking is present in his organization and how he implements critical thinking techniques on a daily basis. The relationship between critical thinking and decision-making is much closer than what most people think. Once you look at the meanings of critical thinking and†¦show more content†¦Critical thinking is examining assumptions - not simply accepting arguments and conclusions at face value. Critical thinking is looking for hidden values, evaluating evidence and assessing multiple conclusions. I feel decision-making is an action. It is the destination of logical and analytical problem solving which is based in fact. Once the destination is reached, action in taken according to the resolution reached. Decision-making is the product of critical thinking. I believe that critical thinking and decision-making are inter-twined because you cant have one without the other. When you are trying to decide on something, you begin a critical thinking process. During this process, one evaluates information on a given problem. The process of reaching logical conclusions, solving problems, analyzing factual information, and taking appropriate actions based on the conclusions are called decision-making. While critical thinking and decision-making are interrelated and rely on one another, they are also independent. Critical thinking does not guarantee that a decision will be made and decisions can be made without processing information logically. There are benefits to being a critical thinker. It allows you to process problems or information in a systematical and logical fashion. It also allows you to come to the bestShow MoreRelatedCritical Thinking and Decision Making Essay example733 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Thinking 1 CRITICAL THINKING AND DECISION MAKING Critical Thinking and Decision-Making Paper Critical Thinking 2 Abstract Critical thinking and decision-making are related in more ways than people think. This paper will define critical thinking and decision-making according to the book Whatever It Takes. It will also present a personal definition of critical thinking and decision-making from the author of this paper. 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How Does The Author Use Language From Present Scrooge s...

How does the author use language to present Scrooge s unpleasant personality? Charles dickens uses insults to portray Scrooge s unpleasant personality. This can be alluded from Stave 1 in the novel where Scrooge can be seen snubbing the charity workers who came seeking for a donation. If they would rather die, [...] they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population., such insult allows the reader to comprehend that Scrooge is nothing more than a greedy man who solely believes that the peasants are just money scammers and that they should all be locked up in a prison. Today s audience will see Scrooge this way and agree that he is a misery, bitter old man, who doesn t like giving away however back in the 19th century the audience would not be shocked to see a wealthy man as selfish as Scrooge. It was common in London at the time to see factory workers exploiting children who worked in hard conditions by hurting them with the most dangerous work and the cruelest words which is why I can only but say that Scrooge is an unpleasant, old wretch. Further to this Dickens use of metaphors paints a picture of Scrooge as a covetous old sinner!, in Stave 1 the narrator describes Scrooge to be a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone. A grindstone is a thick disc of stone used for grinding and it was extremely hard to hold onto however the narrator uses the adjective tight-fisted to imply Scrooge as adamant and as one who is able to hold onto the grindstone or in

Alienation within Beloved Essay - 1209 Words

Alienation within â€Å"Beloved† â€Å"Cultural trauma refers to a dramatic loss of identity and meaning, a tear in the social fabric, affecting a group of people that has achieved some degree of cohesion† (Day 2). This quote by Ron Eyerman in â€Å"Cultural Trauma† references a large theme within the novel â€Å"Beloved†; Alienation of the self with its own identity. As the cultural trauma of slavery took its toll on the populations of each and every state where it persisted, it culminated in the same outcome in every instance. Put quite simply, the institution of slavery forms concrete and seemingly immovable walls between slave and master. Within this practice, members of these societies became locked into their respective roles. Erikson defines†¦show more content†¦The definers took it upon themselves to destroy all that is human within those that they controlled. Sethe, has only one motivation in life by the the time schoolteacher arrives at Sweet Home, her motherhood. And through the â€Å"theft† of her breast milk, her humanity is depleted. Her milk, is the only thing that still belongs to her, she has been stripped of all else. Her masters have defined her as a beast. They rip away her worth as a woman and as a mother and label her as an animal. Schoolteacher himself leads the â€Å"education† effort where he classifies his slaves animal characteristics. Even Mr. Garner, who seems a much more gentle man than his predecessor, still fulfills the role of the definer. As he proudly proclaims that he treats his slaves like â€Å"men† he still accepts that it is within his rights to label them as he pleases. They are men because he gives that to them, thus challenging if their manhood is anything more than a title. This causes the slaves to look to their master in order to understand themselves the way their master sees them. This act of looking upwards for identity only further increases the slaves alienation, for instead of creating commu nity and identifying within each other, the slaves look to their master for how to define themselves. The relationship of slave to master becomes the only one that the slave knows or understands. Sethe had been deprived of any sort of familialShow MoreRelated Existentialism, Beloved, and The Bluest Eye Essay3346 Words   |  14 PagesExistentialism, Beloved, and The Bluest Eye  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Toni Morrison has written several novels, many of which show the influence of existentialist thinking; however, Beloved and The Bluest Eye both strongly illustrate all of the major existential themes. Beloved is a novel about a woman, Sethe, who escapes from slavery with her children. She is haunted both physically and psychologically by her experience, as evidenced by the scars she carries on her back from a severe beatingRead MoreToni Morrisons Beloved Essay1412 Words   |  6 PagesBeloved analyzes the materialistic, emotional, and spiritual devastation constructed by slavery, a havoc that continues to taunt many; even those who were set â€Å"free†. This negative impact that slavery has left on former slaves stripped them of their sense of self and identity, marking them for the rest of their lives. The novel Beloved by Toni Morrison explores multiple examples, of self-isolation and the haunting of one s past. To further elabor ate such examples, the story of Margaret Garner, toldRead MorePoem Analysis : Somewhere I Have Never Travelled 1056 Words   |  5 Pagespoem America was in the Great Depression, an economic collapse, which affected the whole country. 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Imagery in a poem is essential because you need to vicariously see through the writer’s eyes to get an idea on what they feel emotionally or whatRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh, By Herbert Mason880 Words   |  4 PagesGilgamesh is an ancient text which still exists today, it dates back to approximately 3,000 B.C. Despite the fact that it is old, people can still relate to its themes today. A few themes portrayed within the story include, love, friendship, the meaning of life, and death. A book that well represents a human’s existence in this world. At some point every individual experiences those issues in their life. Gilgamesh represents existentialism; a philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedomRead MoreDivorce And Its Effect On Children901 Words   |  4 Pages Many Americans have developed a new definition of family due to the rapidly changing culture of our times. These culture and value chang es have drastically brought a change to the traditional ideas of the past resulting in many different changes within the nuclear family of the past. Divorce has become rampant amongst the American population, which is causing many Sociological problems to those that have to go through the depressing and saddening stages of stress, especially to the children of whoseRead MorePauls View On The Church1480 Words   |  6 PagesPresented to Dr. Presley Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for NTS 3213 __________________ by Jin Hyun July 27, 2015 PAULS VIEW ON THE CHURCH Apostle Paul is one of the most beloved follower and author of 14 books in the New Testament. One of the most prominent teachings of Paul is regarding on the subject of the church. Not only did he write letters to church but in many occasion talked about what the church is. But the question

Information System Used by Wal - Mart Term Paper

Essays on Information System Used by Wal - Mart Term Paper The paper "Information System Used by Wal - Mart" is a good example of a term paper on e-commerce.  The Wal - Mart stores were the organization was selected owing to the curiosity of knowing more about the business strategy and information system used by the no 1 rated company in fortune 500 lists, which would be quite a rewarding experience as always success is never achieved in a single step.  Organization’s overall business strategyWal - Mart store inc. is one of the world’s largest retailers, rated as the number one company by the fortune 500. It has a revenue of $351,139.0 million that has increased by 11.2% in the current year. This year it has shown a profit of $11,284.0 million, with the stock holder’s equity rising up to 61,573.0. Its annual growth rate through the year of 1996 was a woofing rate of 15.1%. Sam Walton when open his first store in Arkansas 1962, had 3 basic beliefs on which he built the entire empire, which has now 1.3 million associat es worldwide with 3200 stores in the United States with 100 million customers visiting per week worldwide. The belief which on the technical terms was later transformed as a strategy was respecting individuals offering the best service to the customer and always striving for excellence. This belief with 10 factors ranging from motivating the partners to controlling the expenses better than the competitors became their underline principle. Sam Walton, with an innovative vision, used unusual business practices that let the company straight forward, with the organization still facing a significant amount of controversy over several different issues, but none of them was altering the gigantic operation. Future of Wal - Mart is also looking comfortable with the proper balance between increasing its profit and recognizing its social and ethical responsibilities. (Wal – Mart annual report, 2003)It is undeniable fact that Wal - Mart huge success is due to its sound strategic manageme nt decision couple with innovative implementation. The business strategy features 3 key points in its background, customer value, and service; partnership with its associates and community involvement. Thus the key feature of implementing this strategy by Wal - Mart is putting a strong emphasis on a solid working relationship with suppliers and employees, taking into notice many integrate details in-store layouts and merchandising techniques, capitalizing on every cost-saving opportunities and create a high-performance spirit. The strategic formula of company is very simple, in that to provide access to quality goods for customers together with making the goods available when and where the customer wants, on the sides developing a cost structure that would be given an inch up in competitive pricing summing up in building and maintaining the reputation for absolute trustworthiness. (Biesada, Alex,2006)

Sigmund Freuds Oedipal Complex - 731 Words

Time period is everything, people in the two thousands are more reserved in thoughts than people were in eighteen and nineteen hundreds. This exemplifies why Sigmund Freuds making of the Oedipal Complex is outrageous. Freud’s ideas of a child’s development is very graphic and disturbing to our modern day intellect, but fit the norm of early 1900’s society Oedipus the King, written is 440 B.C., by Sophacles has fascinated audiences for many years. However, Sigmund Freud came up with the ‘Oedipal Complex’ based off of this play that has caused plenty of controversy. He believed that, based of Oedipus the King and the attraction Oedipus had to his mother, that all children share the same desire towards the opposite sex parent. From that one instance, he created an entire complex that graphically lays out a child’s development. It is possible for a child to be attracted to their opposite sex parent at some point in time. But, taking it as far as Freud did in stating that the child wants to diminish the other parent is absurd. Clearly, he misinterpreted the text because that is not at all what happened in Oedipus the King. Oedipus did not intentionally kill his father nor marry his mother. These events occurred due to the fate of Oedipus, which he could not alter. He was separated from his parents at birth and did not find out till the end of the play who they were. Oedipus the King, became the King after he solved the riddle of the Sphinx. He was then asked to save the cityShow MoreRelatedIs Freudian Theory A Science?900 Words   |  4 PagesIs Freudian Theory a Science? There has been much debate and controversy over the work of Sigmund Freud for many reasons such as his ideas about human sexuality, his seemingly outrageous theories for his time period, and the success of his psychoanalytic method of therapy, but perhaps the most interesting issue with Freud’s work is the claim that it may not be scientific. This would first depend on your definition of the word science. According to sciencecouncil.org, â€Å"Science is the pursuit andRead MoreMaster of the Mind: Sigmund Freud923 Words   |  4 PagesMaster of the Mind Austrian neurologist, Sigmund Freud has become known as the â€Å"founding father of psychoanalysis†, master of the unknown mind. Freud explored the human mind more that any other psychologist and developed theories that many scientists and individuals rely on till this day because none of his theories have been falsified. He has led the path of psychology for new research and mapping out the unconscious mind. Freud developed theories that focused on the subconscious mind motives ofRead MoreA Freudian View of Hamlet1014 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Kenneth Thomson Acting Out May 2, 2012 Freud’s View of Hamlet My paper will use Dr. Sigmund Freud’s psychological outlooks to analyze possibly the most famous characters in English literature. William Shakespeare’s very own Hamlet. Psychology has been studied since the eighteen hundreds and, after reading through many of Freud’s studies on psychoanalytic culture I feel as though Hamlet is the most deserving of further analysis for this paper. I will analyze the two Freudian concepts thatRead MoreThe Oedipal Relationship between Hamlet and Gertrude Essay851 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout William Shakespeares Hamlet, Shakespeare portrays Hamlet with the same types of behaviors and frustrations in humans that Sigmund Freud saw at a much later date. When the relationship between Hamlet and his mother is analyzed Freuds oedipal complex theory comes to mind. The oedipal complex is a theory created by Freud that states that The child takes both of its parents, and more particularly one of them, as the object of its erotic wishes.(51) Because of this desire to be withRead MoreOedipus Relationship Between Hamlet and Gertrude1224 Words   |  5 PagesThe Oedipal Relationship between Hamlet and Gertrude Throughout William Shakespeares Hamlet, Shakespeare portrays Hamlet with the same types of behaviors and frustrations in humans that Sigmund Freud saw at a much later date. When the relationship between Hamlet and his mother is analyzed Freuds oedipal complex theory comes to mind. Sigmund Freud first wrote about his theory in his book An Interpretation of Dreams in 1899. Simply put, Freud states that it is normal for children to have sexualRead MoreEssay about Hamlets Relationship with His Mother782 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet’s Relationship with his Mother Throughout William Shakespeares Hamlet, Hamlet portrays what Sigmund Freud calls the Oedipal Complex. When the relationship between Hamlet and his mother is analyzed, Freuds Oedipal complex theory comes to mind. The Oedipal complex is a theory created by Freud that states that the child takes both of its parents, and more particularly one of them, as the object of its erotic wishes. Because of this desire to be with the parent of the opposite sex, a rivalryRead MoreTheories of Psychology in Fairy Tales Essay example1521 Words   |  7 Pagesthan a happy ending. Fairy tales such as The Goose Girl, The Three Little Pigs, Cinderella, and Snow White one can find theories of psychology. Erik Eriksons theories of social development as well as Sigmund Freuds theory of the map of the mind and his controversial Oedipal complex can be found in many fairy tales. Within every fairy tale there lies a hidden lesson in psychology. In 1963, psychoanalyst Erik Erikson developed one of the most comprehensive theories of social developmentRead MoreEssay on Inside the Head of Sigmund Freud1568 Words   |  7 Pageswell in providing useful and technical information that will advance us in the future. Amongst these men lie Karl Marx, Albert Einstein, Charles Darwin, and Marie Curie. One name who is highly debated and criticized for his theories is neurologist Sigmund Freud. Arguments take place in order to prove Sigmund’s authenticity and the level of influence that he contributed. Sigismund Schlomo Freud was born May 6, 1856 in Moravia. Freud is highly known for his theories of the unconscious mind and forRead MoreLacan once said, in an unpublished seminar, â€Å"the Oedipus Complex is a dream of Freud† (Felman,1600 Words   |  7 Pages Lacan once said, in an unpublished seminar, â€Å"the Oedipus Complex is a dream of Freud† (Felman, 1034). It is a questionable theory and a so-called ‘dream’ because Sigmund Freud developed the Oedipus complex in such a way that allowed him to stand as an example of his own theory. It begins with what Freud would call ‘introspection’; the analysis of one’s self. He developed terms to use in his psychoanalysis; terms that divide the self and attempt to explain aspects of the human personality. AddingRead MoreWhy Did Godse Killed Mahatma Gandhi720 Words   |  3 Pageshad a significant impact on his personality. Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual stages of development can be utilized to at partly explain Godse’s personality and later behaviors. Godse’s personality development was probably most affected during the phallic stage of Freud’s psychosexual stages. The phallic stage occurs between when a child is between the ag es of 3 and 6 and children in this stage deal with masturbation and Oedipal complexes. Oedipal complex is the term Freud used to indicate the child’s

A Case of Tesco

Question: Prepare a report on Tesco. Answer: Evaluation of different leadership styles within Tesco Tesco, the major retail supermarket chain of UK is majorly a customer oriented organization. The company generally adopts the democratic leadership style within the internal organization so that the employees get a chance to voice their opinions. On the contrary autocratic leadership style is seen among the store managers of Tesco. In cases of departmental managers having long experience within Tesco the organization shows a laissez faire leadership style. Hence the use of different leadership styles within Tesco depends upon the task, the team and the type of outcome expected from the task (Hariri, Monypenny Prideaux, 2014). Identification and comparison of three different styles The store managers at Tesco adopts the democratic or the participative leadership style in cases when the manager has to take decisions in relation to device better approaches for stock reduction program, introduction of new product line, enhancing of the visual merchandising etc. The creative idea and plans of different team members are useful in this context (Pietersen, 2014). In emergency cases like product launch, cost reduction, budget preparation the managers at Tesco adopt the authoritarian style. Lambert (2012) opined the authoritarian style is favorable in meeting deadlines of any project however excess use of the same may create a non congenial working environment. Laissez Faire approach is adopted by the managers with the experienced and old members of the company. They are given the freedom of preparing a project without any prior guidelines since they have the adequate knowledge. This increases the employee loyalty of the old employees and also reduces the pressure of the company (Pietersen, 2014). Leadership approaches used by Tescos competitors Tesco considered being the largest retail chain of UK adopts three different types of leadership strategies in order to formulate the working environment within the company. However the same is not observed in case of its competitors namely Sainsbury, ASDA, Wal-mart and Morrison. ASDA adopts the coaching leadership style within the organization especially for the retail employees. The retail company focuses on building a developmental relationship, generates a feedback process and formal programs and also encourages various kinds of self developmental activities (Samad Abdullah, 2012). On the contrary both Sainsbury and Morrison adopt the autocratic leadership style in order to dominate the retail employees and give them orders in terms of project completion, customer handling etc. The adoption of these leadership strategies have contributed to the development of the employees but not development of the organization. Evaluation of developments in management support underpinning Tesco management today Saeed et al. (2014) opined that in the present scenario the management system within the organizations have been developed. The major changes have been brought about by the change in the employee development program. As per the reports of Forbes around 80% of the organizations are focused on the promotions of employee training in order to increase the efficiency of the organizational objectives. However Tesco is operated by majorly experienced employees hence the company is not striving to take any options of training and development within the organization. Thiel, Connelly Griffith (2012) suggested that lack of training leads to lack of new idea generation. Comparison of different motivation skills in Tesco Motivation is a prime factor to develop the productivity of the employees in an organization. Tesco pay prime focus on the monetary needs of the employees. However Xenikou Furnham (2013) opined that as per Maslows hierarchy of needs theory the basic physiological needs of an individual should be of primary focus for the organizations. Tesco adopts the following strategies namely Appreciation of work (Tesco.com, 2015) Responsibility and empowerment Offering work place challenges and development Opportunity for advancement Tesco supports work life balance of employees by providing them with flexible working hours, shifting duties for the retail employees, health benefits, Green club card for discounted shopping purposes, staff discounts, shareholder options etc (Hatzakis, 2009). Tesco designs the Employee reward program in the following ways namely Offering free shares after one year of service Provide contract free phones with O2 connection Pay slip vouchers in Christmas Holiday discounts and Gym membership (Kirby, 2009) Comparison of four motivation techniques According to Forsyth (2013) the following techniques may be used for motivating the employees within an organization namely employee benefits, congenial working environment, professional enrichment and performance appraisal. The employee benefits concerns motivating the employees with monetary and non monetary benefits. On the contrary the congenial working environment helps to motivate the employees psychologically (Hatzakis, 2009). The performance appraisal technique helps in generating a sense of responsibility and accountability within the employees. Finally the professional enrichment helps in creating a job satisfaction within the employees which in turn motivates them to work more effectively. Group behaviors and dynamics According to Connors (2012) group dynamics is a system of behavior by the individuals within the group. The group dynamics is useful for understanding decision making pattern of the individuals within the group. Group dynamics describes the way the groups and individuals act and react to changing circumstances. The group dynamics also helps in identifying the productivity of the group members. The group dynamics will be able to help the individuals within the group to understand the behavior of the group members. The decision of group members depends upon the dynamics of the group (Ben-Zur, 2009). Strategies to be used for group development The following strategies should be adopted in order to form a cohesive group namely Selection of appropriate team members Identification of the objective of the group Use open communication techniques (Cameron, 2012) Promotion of trust within the group members Encouragement of feedback system However some of the problems which are faced in terms of group formation are as follows: Problems of co coordinating with the cross functional team members Communication barriers in terms of language and other factors Implement of appropriate leadership styles Lack of motivational techniques within the team members (Bell Morse, 2013) Presence of cross cultural teams hampering in team productivity Lack of co ordination in terms of decision making Role confusion between the different team members Group dynamics and team conflict Non congenial working environment Use of technology to meet needs of diverse geographical workforce Virtual teams are the groups within the organizations which are geographically distributed throughout the different parts of the world. The major communication processes between these teams are the technological sources like Video conferencing, Skypes, mail chats, webinars and discussion boards. However Allwood Salo (2012) opined that several challenges may arise in case of managing the virtual teams namely lack of communication, misinterpretation, lack of co ordination and indistinct group roles and responsibilities. As per the records of the Tele work Research Network around 2.9 million full time virtual workers are found in UK and USA. The virtual teams consist of people who work from home and also people who take part in mobile works. With help of collaboration tools namely Redbooth, Blackboard collaborate, Podio and Campfire and project management tools like Microsoft project, Apollo, Teamwork, Primavera etc and Document storage or file sharing tools and meeting tools the virtual communication process has been improved in the present scenario. However Armstrong, Cools Sadler-Smith (2011) opined that the problems like relations ship building, rising of issues and communication problems have made the virtual teams difficult to make the operations. References list Allwood, C., Salo, I. (2012). Decision-making styles and stress. International Journal Of Stress Management, 19(1), 34-47. doi:10.1037/a0027420 Armstrong, S., Cools, E., Sadler-Smith, E. (2011). Role of Cognitive Styles in Business and Management: Reviewing 40 Years of Research. International Journal Of Management Reviews, 14(3), 238-262. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2011.00315.x Bell, S., Morse, S. (2013). An approach to comparing external and internal methods for analyzing group dynamic. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, And Practice, 17(4), 281-298. doi:10.1037/a0034623 Ben-Zur, H. (2009). Coping styles and affect. International Journal Of Stress Management, 16(2), 87-101. doi:10.1037/a0015731 Cameron, K. (2012). Positive Leadership. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Connors, T. (2012). The volunteer management handbook. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley. Forsyth, D. (2013). Group dynamics. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Hariri, H., Monypenny, R., Prideaux, M. (2014). Leadership styles and decision-making styles in an Indonesian school context. School Leadership Management, 34(3), 284-298. doi:10.1080/13632434.2013.849678 Hatzakis, T. (2009). Towards a Framework of Trust Attribution Styles. British Journal Of Management, 20(4), 448-460. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8551.2008.00596.x Kirby, A. (2009). Management styles. BMJ, 339(sep29 2), a2528-a2528. doi:10.1136/bmj.a2528 Lambert, S. (2012). The perception and implementation of sustainable Leadership strategies in further education colleges. Journal Of Leadership Education, 11(2), 102-120. doi:10.12806/v11/i2/rf6 Pietersen, C. (2014). Interpersonal Conflict Management Styles and Emotion Self-Management Competencies of Public Accountants. Mediterranean Journal Of Social Sciences. doi:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n7p273 Saeed, T., Almas, S., Anis-ul-Haq, M., Niazi, G. (2014). Leadership styles: relationship with conflict management styles. International Journal Of Conflict Management, 25(3), 214-225. doi:10.1108/ijcma-12-2012-0091 Samad, S., Abdullah, Z. (2012). The Influence of Leadership Styles on Organizational Performance of Logistics Companies. International Business Management, 6(3), 374-383. doi:10.3923/ibm.2012.374.383 Tesco.com,. (2015). Tesco direct : Choose from hundreds of products now on clearance - Tesco.com. Thiel, C., Connelly, S., Griffith, J. (2012). Leadership and emotion management for complex tasks: Different emotions, different strategies. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 517-533. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.12.005 Xenikou, A., Furnham, A. (2013). Group dynamics and organizational culture. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Galilleo Essay Research Paper Galileo Galilei was free essay sample

Galilleo Essay, Research Paper Galileo Galilei was an uranologist and mathematician, he was, a adult male in front of his clip. Galileo discovered the jurisprudence of uniformly accelerated gesture towards the Earth, the parabolic way of missiles, and the jurisprudence that all organic structures have weight. Among his other achievements was the betterment of the refracting telescope in 1610 and his protagonism of the Copernican theory which brought him into a struggle of thoughts and truths between himself and the Inquisition. He was condemned by the church whose theories threatened everything that was taught by the priesthood as the sanctum truth and he was finally broken by the Inquisition. Before being finally defeated by the church, nevertheless, Galileo made many parts to the universe of natural philosophies. His scientific finds and enterprises were merely a part of his parts to the scientific community. His glare brought about a new epoch in scientific promotion and his licking at the custodies of the chur ch put a halt to the scientific revolution which he had started. Galileo Galilei was a great scientist and innovator in the Fieldss of mechanics, uranology, thermometry, and magnetic attraction, although mechanics and uranology were his chief passions. He was arguably one of the brightest work forces who of all time lived. Galileo discovered and enhanced many scientific finds of his clip period and was extremely regarded as a Mathematician and Natural Philosopher. Galileo was persecuted for his positions on Earth # 8217 ; s relationship with the remainder of the celestial spheres since he believed that the Earth revolved around the Sun and that the celestial spheres were invariably altering and germinating. Since Galilei # 8217 ; s vision of a metamorphosing existence came in direct struggle with the positions of Aristotle, positions held by and supported by the church, Galileo was finally called before the Inquisition and forced to abjure his positions. However, Galileo Galilei made important parts to the scientific community and he is remembe red as a great scientist and pioneer. Galileo Galilei was born in 1564 in Pisa, Italy to Vincenzo Galilei, a instrumentalist, and Giulia Ammannati. Galileo studied medical specialty at the university of Pisa from 1581 to 1585, but his existent involvements were in mathematics and natural doctrine and Galileo left the university in 1585 without a grade. It was during this clip frame that Galileo began to doubt conventional scientific discipline, since much of what he was being taught at that clip as scientific fact was conflicting with the grounds which he saw in his hands-on medical observations. Following his period as a pupil, Galileo tried his manus at instruction. Galileo began in private learning in Florence and he returned to the university of Pisa to learn mathematics in 1589. Galileo taught at the university of Pisa until 1592 when he was appointed professor of mathematics at Padua ( the university of the Republic of Venice ) . Galileo # 8217 ; s responsibilities as a profe ssor of mathematics at Padua were to learn Euclidian geometry and criterion ( geocentric ) uranology to medical pupils. The medical pupils at that clip were expected to cognize some uranology in order to do usage of star divination in their medical patterns. In Padua, he continued his natural philosophies research in the country of mechanics and uranology. In the country of mechanics is where Galileo # 8217 ; s most celebrated observations were exhibited. The traditional theory accepted by about everyone at that clip was Aristotle # 8217 ; s theory that heavier objects, when dropped from the same tallness as lighter 1s, will fall at a faster rate. In resistance to this impression, Galileo stated that with the remotion of outside influences such as air current opposition, both objects will fall at the same time at virtually the same velocity. Although a really popular narrative of Galileo provinces that he attempted to turn out this theory by dropping different weights from the bel fry ( tilting tower ) of the Duomo in Pisa, this peculiar experiment was neer really proven to hold occurred. However, a similar experiment had already been made by the Flemish applied scientist Simon Stevin in 1586. Galileo has said that his involvement in Aristotle # 8217 ; s Theory about falling objects was aroused when, during a hailstorm, he noticed that both big and little hailstones hit the land at the same clip. This observation caused Galileo to earnestly doubt Aristotle # 8217 ; s Theory since harmonizing to Aristotle, the larger-sized hailstones would hold had to hold fallen from a much greater tallness and at virtually the same clip as the igniter hailstones in order for them to make the land at the same clip ( which Galileo found really unlikely. ) Galileo was besides really much interested in uranology. Tycho Brahe, a Danish uranologist, found a supernova in the configuration Cassiopeia in 1572 which quickly disappeared two old ages subsequently. This find challenged Aristotle # 8217 ; s theory of the celestial spheres as perfect, unchanging, and changeless. This find, along with another nova visual aspect in 1604, besides persuaded Galileo to give three public talks in Padua in his capacity as a professor of mathematics. Galileo used the nova as an alibi to dispute Aristotle # 8217 ; s positions of celestial spheres which were unchanging. In 1609, Galileo learned of a field glass that a Dutchman had shown in Venice. Using his ain proficient accomplishments as a mathematician and a workingman, along with studies of the building of the device, Galileo made a series of telescopes whose optical public presentation was much better than that of the Dutch instrument. The first telescope he constructed had a treble magnification, which he rapidly improved to 32 times magnification. It was this instrument which Galileo used to develop his astronomical finds. The legion astronomical finds made by Galileo with the assistance of his telescopes were desc ribed in a short book called Message from the stars or Starry Messenger ( Sidereus Nuncius ) published in Venice in May 1610. In this book, Galileo claimed to hold seen mountains on the Moon, to hold proved that the Milky Way was made up of a myriad of bantam stars, and to hold seen four little organic structures ( Moons ) revolving the planet Jupiter. Galileo named the Moons of Jupiter the # 8220 ; Medicean s tars† . It was after this find of the Moons of Jupiter that Galileo became the official mathematician and natural philosopher to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. It was besides during this clip frame that Galileo made many mathematical observations of physical belongingss. Among these observations was the find that projectiles follow parabolic waies. This find allowed discharges of physical objects to be calculated. Another accomplishment of Galileo in this clip period was the naming of the cycloid curve in 1599. In 1639, Galileo wrote to Toricelli about the cycloid, stating that he had been analyzing it’s belongingss for 40 old ages. Galileo tried and failed to happen the country of a cycloid by comparing it’s country to that of the bring forthing circle. After his failure at seeking to happen a mathematical method of happening the country of a cycloid, he tried weighing pieces of metal cut into the form of the cycloid. He found that the ratio of the weights was about three to one but decided that it was non precisely three. It was in his employ with the Grand Duke of Tuscany in Florence that Galileo foremost became involved in differences about Copernicanism. Copernicanism was a theory that was posed by Nicolaus Copernicus on the place of the Earth in relation to the celestial spheres. Copernicus had stated in the book On the revolutions of the celestial domains, that the Sun ( non the Earth ) is at remainder in the centre of the existence and that the Earth revolves around the Sun. This theory, besides known as the heliocentric theory, was lent acceptance in Galileo’s eyes when, in 1613, he discovered that, when seen through the telescope, the planet Venus showed stages resembling those of the Moon, and hence Venus must revolve the Sun and non the Earth. Galileo went to great lengths to back up Copernicanism in the usage of his finds and observations, he besides used his great mathematical accomplishments to help in turn outing Copernica n theories. Between 1619 and 1624 Galileo adapted a telescope for the screening of highly little objects. This microscope, which he called â€Å"occhialini† was composed of the tubing of a telescope, of decreased size, furnished with two lenses. Galileo gave his microscopes to assorted people, including Federigo Cesi. It was the support of the Copernican theories which brought Galileo into direct struggle with the Inquisition and the Roman Catholic Church. Since Copernicanism was in contradiction with Scripture, Galileo was steping on thin ice with the Inquisition. A immature Dominican, Tommaso Caccini, denounced Galileo, his theories, and the Copernican theories officially from the dais during a discourse in the Santa Maria Novella in 1614. In 1616, Galileo was officially advised by Cardinal Bellarmino on the behalf of the Pope to continue with cautiousness and to talk merely hypothetically about the Copernican theory and non as if the theory were world. Following this confr ontation with the church, Galileo returned to Florence and continued work on his book, as the Pope wished, Galileo gave more accent to mathematical statements instead than to experimental or physical statements. Although Galileo tried to obey the Pope’s wants in his diction of the Dialogue, when the book eventually appeared in 1632, it raised an immediate storm of protest taking instantly to the apprehension of Galileo and a test by the Inquisition. The Inquisition found Galileo guilty of printing a dissident book and insisted that he denounce his theories and squeal his â€Å"crimes† before the church. Although he was lead to believe that this act would do the Inquisition to be indulgent ( and would maintain them from tormenting him to decease ) , Galileo was still sentenced to life imprisonment at his Villa in Arcetri near Florence. It was during this house apprehension that Galileo produced possibly his greatest work, his Discourses on the Two New Sciences, which ha s been hailed as perchance the basis of modern natural philosophies. This book was smuggled out of Italy to France and was published in Leyden in 1638. In this book, Galileo presented the true Torahs of accelerated gesture and falling organic structures, every bit good as the cardinal theory of projectile gesture and of import applications of mathematics to a battalion of physical jobs. Galileo died wholly blind at 77 old ages old in 1642. Galileo believed that experimentation and observations of these experiments was important to the scientific procedure. Although Galileo was a great scientist, Pope Urban VIII refused to allow Galileo’s entombment with a memorial, alternatively, Galileo was buried unceremoniously in the Church of Santo Croce, in Florence. His remains have since been moved to their present location in a brilliant grave opposite that of Michelangelo near the entryway to the church. It was merely every bit late as 1993 that the church has admitted that they wer e incorrect and that Galileo’s theories were right. Galileo’s extraordinary achievements in the Fieldss of mathematics and astronomy upheld and proved the theories of Copernicus whose theories may hold been scoffed at as phantasy. He began the scientific revolution of his clip period and his persecution by the church, unluckily, put an terminal to the revolution. He was genuinely a innovator. Were it non for Galileo’s bravery of his strong beliefs, many scientific finds, including those of other scientists of his epoch, may neer hold occurred or may hold been delayed well. Without the theories, finds, and experiments of Galileo Galilei, we may neer hold made it to the Moon, been able to analyze viruses or sources under a microscope to be able to get the better of them. If for no other ground than his innovation of the microscope, Galileo deserves to be known as one of the greatest scientists the universe has of all time known. Biblography 1. Drake, Stillman # 8211 ; 1990, GALILEO: PIONEER SCIENTIST, The University of Chicago Press, pp. 261 2. De Santillana, Giorgio # 8211 ; 1955, THE CRIME OF GALILEO, The University of Chicago Press, pp. 339 3. Hitzeroth, Deborah, Sharon Heerboth # 8211 ; 1961, THE IMPORTANCE OF GALILEO GALILEI, Lucent Books, pp. 95 4. Shapere, Dudley # 8211 ; 1974, GALILEO A PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY, The University of Chicago Press, pp. 161

An Essay Sample Test For Students in Science

An Essay Sample Test For Students in ScienceA sample essay science test can be used as a stepping stone in learning the topics of science and exploring the subject matter through the different methods. Since science is a very interesting subject, one can find an essay sample test that covers many types of subjects that are related to the subject.There are many students who find it very difficult to concentrate on any topic as they are constantly faced with difficult time management problems. They fail to focus on anything else and often ignore their projects. This situation will not last long, as they would need to focus on other things.Since this type of test is given for an academic interest, it is advisable that you take up a science essay sample test that will help you decide on your path. This type of test can also help you realize the areas of the subject that you are interested in and help you create a proposal about that subject. The topics can be any areas of research or exp erimental results. It may cover anything from the evolution of life to the universe.It is advised that you have a keen interest in one particular subjects or fields. Science can be a very rewarding profession, but the day-to-day work can sometimes be boring and tedious. Therefore, when you become a professional in this field, you will surely have a lot of things to think about and research. This type of test will help you to explore the area of research in science and make it a part of your study.It is important that you select a specific topic that you are passionate about. If you are looking forward to learn about the subject and the fields of research, then you can easily opt for an essay sample test that gives details about the various areas of study.You may not find an essay sample test available online, but there are many books that will give you a good idea about the topics that you need to research. However, it is best to consult a science teacher for getting guidance and id eas on how to make your topic papers. These days, there are many physics and chemistry books available in the market.There are many different types of essays for different subjects. A sample science essay should ideally suit the academic subject that you want to study. With the help of an essay sample test, you can choose from different essay samples according to your purpose. This will help you develop your writing skills and help you develop a strong personality for science.

japanese aisatsu Essay Example

japanese aisatsu Paper In college, as in life, some things are unavoidable: tuition, essays, bad-for-you food and roommates. Unless you live at home while going to school, from the time you enter the higher education world until you leave it, you will be coping with people in your personal space. In the land of shared space, problems arise frequently and if you never deal with them, they have the potential to ruin any relationship. Use these tips from experts and real college girls on getting along with your roommate whether your roomie is a random assignment or your best friend. Talk. If somethings bugging you, bring it up in a non-defensive way rather than assume your roommate can read your mind. Nothing can change unless you acknowledge it. Its possible that your roommate may not even be aware of the problem. 2. Focus on behavior, not personality. Its not reasonable to ask people to change who they are, but you can ask them to tone down how they express themselves, especially when its invading your tu rf. So, you cant criticize someone for being perky, but you can ask for someone not to talk so much while youre studying. 3. Stay flexible. Its not your job to fix anybody else, and it helps to recognize that no one is perfect. Be willing to look at your own behavior. Consider what you could do differently to help the situation instead of only blaming your roommate. 4. Start with one pet peeve. What can you absolutely not deal with? What do you find extremely irritating, but could live with if you had to? There are probably tons of things your roommate does that get on your nerves. But nothing kills a relationship faster than listing dozens of reasons why you dont like a person. We will write a custom essay sample on japanese aisatsu specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on japanese aisatsu specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on japanese aisatsu specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Instead, both of you need to list your number one pet peeve and focus your energy on solving that first. 5. Consider the positives. Before you decide that life would be better with a roommate exactly like you, think of what you could gain by living with your opposite. Were often attracted to people who are different from us because they represent qualities we wish we possessed. If youre shy, maybe being around a more outgoing person will force you out of your shell. When one persons strength makes up for the others weakness, being opposites is an dvantage. Sharing your place with another person, whether this is a new experience for you or youVe had years of practice, is never easy. Use these tips to keep hostility at bay, and youll be gossiping about the cute guy in your chem lab rather than the newest annoyance your roommate has inflicted upon you. Trust me, your friends will thank you. The reflection of reading: Living with another is not convenient for me. Because when I doing anything I should consider my roommates how to do it wont disturb her. But the advantage of iving with another is that I can know my roommates who from other countries with different life background and we can share about our lifestyle as well as some growing experience. If we are match at interest and view of events, we will be the good friends soon! The disadvantage is that I need control my bedtime not affecting her, when the roommates friends visit her, they chatting some topic that I cant Join Ill feel so embarrassed. Getting along well with roommate is not easy, but Ill try to use this tips and

Ethical Issues in Healthcare The WritePass Journal

Ethical Issues in Healthcare ABSTRACT Ethical Issues in Healthcare ). They must ensure that the woman has all the information regarding potential risks and problems, that measures to reduce levels of pain are implemented, and that the women is aware of what to expect prior, during and after the procedure (ICMA, 2012).   Additional staffing is also necessary for the provision of more efficient medical services, as well as more empathetic and highly trained staff.   Furthermore, those women who are considering an abortion must have their concerns and the circumstances surrounding their own ethical dilemmas addressed (Tremayne, 2000; Karasahin and Keskin, 2011). It has been argued by Rosenfeld (1992) that â€Å"healthy women who want to complete an unintended pregnancy in the first trimester have few significant or negative emotional consequences† (p. 137).   Although a few women may have feelings of ambivalence or guilt, many also feel a sense of freedom and experience other positive reactions, including relief. However, the emotional response of a woman and her family to medical or therapeutic abortion is complicated. A number of factors may help address women at risk of emotional problems and depressive symptoms after abortion (Rosenfeld, 1992). Women who terminate their pregnancy during the second trimester, have a history of multiple abortions, have pre-existing psychiatric problems or have a lack of support at home are more likely to have emotional problems (Rosenfeld, 1992). By being aware of this, health professionals can implement the appropriate pre- and post-abortion care. This is also the case for women who have an abort ion for medical or genetic reasons. These women are at increased risk of developing depressive symptoms and therefore health professionals are required to provide the appropriate psychological as well as medical support (Boss, 1994). Blumberg et al. (1975) explains, â€Å"Perhaps the role of decision making and the responsibility associated with selective abortion explains [sic] the more serious depression following [the abortion]† (p. 805). Medical ethics related to abortion are most relevant when they focus on the individuals choosing to have an abortion, as opposed to just health professionals carrying out the abortion or treating the aftermath. To this end, a philosopher, focusing on medical ethics can play a vital role in exposing problems which exist within hospitals.   Ã‚  There is an enormous demand for philosophers within the healthcare setting, suggesting a common ethical, moral and social viewpoint that could facilitate advice-giving to health professionals (Polaino Lorente, 2009). International Ethical Codes In the Hippocratic Oath, abortion is connected to medical ethics in both its actual form and contemporary reformulation such as stated in the World Medical Associations 1948 Declaration of Geneva (Kivity, Borow and Shoenfeld, 2009). According to this oath, all members of the human race have a right to life and this is agreed globally in conventions such as:   Ã‚  The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1949)   Ã‚  Declaration of the Rights of the Child, which clearly refers to such rights as applying to the unborn (1959)   Ã‚  International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1976). However, the Society for the Protection of Unborn Children’s (SPUC’s) opposition to abortion is dependent on ethical principles which have masked universal acceptance (SPUC, 2012a). While the SPUC consists of members from many different religions, it is not an organisation based on religion. Nevertheless, this highlights the need of a focus on common acceptable (as opposed to religious-based) ethical dimensions in contemporary healthcare, especially in terms of considering the ethical implications of abortion. Abortion in the United Kingdom The main reason for legalising abortion in Britain was the suspected number of illegal abortions being carried out. Pro-abortionists indicated that every year, there were 100,000 illegal abortions before legalisation (SPUC, 2012b). The committee of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists provides evidence that in England and Wales, there were 15,000 illegal abortions annually in 2007 (Event, 2008). Thus, in the UK, the application of ethical theories along with related approaches to practical dilemmas in healthcare focusing on abortion is particularly important and relevant. Actual counts of legal abortions The Abortion Act was agreed in 1967 and a year later it became effective as a statute in England, Wales and Scotland. For the period of 30 years following the implementation of the Act, year on year the total number of abortions performed rose by 700% (SPUC, 2012b). In Britain, five million abortions were performed over this period. Yearly, 170,000 abortions occurred during the 15 years prior to 1997. It was over 187,000 in 1998, with more than 510 abortions a day, which was 87% higher than the pro-abortionists estimate of illegal abortions in the 1960s (Sedgh et al., 2012). Reasons for abortion Although more than 90% of abortions are authorised and performed to protect the mothers physical or mental health, the majority of these abortions are performed for social reasons rather than medical reasons, and this has become widely accepted (Corkindale et al., 2009). Indeed, in Britain abortion is efficiently practised on demand (Ingham et al., 2008). This poses further ethical implications for healthcare professionals since abortion is no longer only considered for medical reasons, but is frequently a social choice and a method of solving an unexpected or unwanted pregnancy (Koyama et al., 2005). Contraception and abortion Although the pro-life movement is reluctant to make a connection between contraception and abortion, with some contraceptives there is both a link to abortion and identification with abortion (Smith, 1993). Indeed, some contraceptives are abortifacients and work by causing early term abortion.   Furthermore, the number of abortions cannot be stopped primarily by contraception since pregnancy prevention also results in an anti-child state of mind; such unplanned babies are observed only as the unwanted result of contraceptive failure. The eugenics movement Eugenic ethics is protected as a religious belief, political philosophies, and judicial systems, and it is the reverse of the code that all human beings have equal value (Kasun, 1988). The mentality of the eugenic adjudicators is unusually narrow compared to physical, psychological or social situations (Connelly, 2008).   This leads to disabled and unborn groups. Thus, issues of disability and eugenics are remarkably relevant to the application of ethical theories focusing on practical dilemmas in healthcare. Foetal tissue in medical research The major source for research into foetal tissue is from babies that are the result of induced abortion; such research consists of the human genome project. If permission is given, the dead bodies may well be used for research, but a mother aborting her child would not likely provide such support. In research, the use of foetal tissue seems to justify abortion because it can be used to assist in the health and life of other people. At the same time, it could be argued that such research is morally wrong because it neglects the unborn babys right to life (Nie, 2002). Abortion and disability Every abortion involves an assumption that the existence of unborn babies is of lesser value than an adult humans life. It could be argued that abortion due to a disability diagnosed in the unborn child is not only an attack on the most vulnerable but on one who it is necessary to protect. It is also offensive to all disabled community members as it transmits to them the sense that they are inferior to, as well as of less worth than, the able-bodied (Sheldon and Wilkonson, 2010). Pre-natal screening In Britain, most pregnant women are offered regular pre-natal testing. It is a crucial activity, which has resulted in a greater number of women who may not have considered it before going on to have an abortion. Such tests are presented and if the results are positive for a disability, the immediate option given to parents is to make a choice between either continuing with the pregnancy or having an abortion. Britain offers pre-natal screening for disabilities only where a routine ultrasound has highlighted a potential problem, there is family medical history to suggest a child may inherit a condition, or the age of the mother puts her child at an increased risk of having, for example, Downs syndrome. In cases of artificial insemination, before implantation and hopefully fertilisation, the embryo is screened. Whilst still in the test tube embryos are monitored to determine their sex and genetic conditions, but can be superfluous. This approach prevents embryos from continuing to live (Hundt et al., 2011). Thus, medical and nursing professionals working in healthcare related to abortion must address the issues related to pre-natal screening adequately. Gene technology Genetic science is used to enhance the well-being of humanity, through exploration into gene therapy and to care for people with, for example, a genetic condition such as cystic fibrosis. However, this technology may be misused in order to limit human life. Genetic engineering attempts to engineer babies by manipulating their genes in the laboratory. However, the source from the genetic map position in the human genome program may be misused (Heinrichs, 2002). DISCUSSION The topic of abortion raises moral and ethical issues that need to be addressed by physicians, nurses, and clinic staff involved with conducting abortions.   While abortions for medical reasons are legal in Britain, some staff may question the procedure for personal and religious reasons.   Those staff   who are pro-life (and see abortion as akin to murder) will likely seek work in other settings and thus alleviate their sense of guilt.   Obstetricians, who often participate in the act of abortion, will need to have a professional view that sees the action as ethical, although some may hold private views of its morality, perhaps influenced by religious beliefs   (Chervenak and McCullough ,1990). For example, health professionals might ask the question, â€Å"When is the foetus a patient?† The answer is when it is viable, regardless of age of gestation.   Indeed, it could be argued that only the woman carrying the foetus can give a pre-viable foetus patient status. If the foetus is classified as a patient, it can be further argued that ending its life is almost never ethically justified. The statistical data discussed within this essay indicate that few abortions are actually for medical reasons, but rather for personal, social and economic reasons. This has generated a great deal of discussion in terms of the ethics of abortion.   Since the procedure is primarily used by the lower economic classes (who perhaps become pregnant because of lack of knowledge about birth control), abortion can be seen as a method to keep the future population of those likely to require government assistance in welfare and medicine somewhat reduced.   As yet, there doesn’t appear to be any political or ethical writer ready to take this issue up.   Some groups (such as African Americans) see this as an attack on their race.   Feminists likely support the procedure if it is the wish of the pregnant woman. Many health workers would continue to support abortion on demand as it eliminates reliance on illegal abortions, which were often dangerous to a woman’s health, as wa s a huge problem in the past. A few points should be made about the ethical issues posed by new technologies (such as embryos in stem cell research, sex selection and gene manipulation).   In all of these cases, decisions are being made to limit viable life.   Outka (2002) raised questions about the ethics of human stem cell research.   Many good embryos are destroyed for the sake of research.   This is seen as clearly unethical.   Outka concludes that it is acceptable to conduct research on ‘excess’ embryos by appealing to the principal of â€Å"nothing is lost. Modern science has made it easy to determine the sex of the foetus at a very early stage. If the sex is female (and the parents already have a girl), will they seek an abortion?   Is the doctor or clinic likely to raise moral and ethical concerns?   In many cultures, a son is deemed necessary, so with new technologies many female foetuses in India and China have been aborted. This raises the question of whether this cultural bias being seen in the large Indian population in the UK? 3.1. CONCLUSION Ethical Issues in healthcare related to abortion are becoming increasingly relevant, as it provides an opportunity for discussion on various dimensions of contemporary healthcare. It also examines the application of ethical theories along with related approaches focusing on abortion. However, it is suggested that medical institutes and hospitals providing safe abortions should be aware of all ethical issues and the human rights implications involved. Their workers, including doctors and nurses, should be trained on the ethical issues of abortion so that they can provide comprehensive medical care to women who consider or opt for an abortion. It is important to explore new opportunities for the in-depth study of ethical dimensions of modern healthcare, which examines the appropriate application of ethical theories and related approaches to effective dilemmas in healthcare focusing on abortion. There are many suitable applications of ethical theories and approaches to an ethical dilemma available, which mainly focus on the international and the population-control development, reasons for abortion, contraception and abortion, birth control and human life attitudes, disability and eugenics, abortion and disability, and other related ethical issues. Nevertheless, there remains a need to address each of these ethical issues specifically in terms of healthcare and the dilemmas experienced by healthcare professionals. REFERENCES Abortion Act, 1967. (C.87), London: HMSO. Aguirre, D.G. and BillingsL. 2007. Unwanted Pregnancy and Unsafe Abortion. TUFH Women and Health Taskforce. [online] Available from:   the-networktufh.org/sites/default/files/attachments/basic_pages/WHLP%20Unwanted%20Pregnancy%20and%20Unsafe%20Ab.pdf [cited 05 May 2012]. Blumberg, B.D., Golbus, M.S. and Hanson, K.H., 1975. The psychological sequelae of abortion performed for a genetic indication. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 122(799-808), p. 806. Boss, J.A., 1994. First trimester prenatal diagnosis: Earlier is not necessarily better. Journal of Medical Ethics, 20(146-151), p.147. Brody, B., 1972. Thomson on Abortion. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1(3), pp.335-340. Chervenak, F. A. and McCullough, L. B., 1990. Does obstetric ethics have any role in the obstetrician’s response to the abortion controversy?   American Journal of Obstetrics Gynaecology, 163(5 Pi), po.1425-1429. Connelly, M., 2008. Fatal Misconception: The Struggle to Control World Population   Cambridge: Belk nap Press of Harvard University Press. Corkindale, C.J., Condon, J.T., Russell, A. and Quinlivan, J.A., 2009. Factors that adolescent males take into account in decisions about an unplanned pregnancy. Journal of Adolescence, 32(4), p.995-1008. Department of Health., 2011. Abortion statistics, England and Wales: 2010. [online] Available from: dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsStatistics/DH_126769 [cited 05 May 2012]. Dudley,S. and Mueller, S. What Is Medical Abortion? National Abortion Federation. [online] Available from: prochoice.org/pubs_research/publications/downloads/about_abortion/medical_abortion.pdf [cited 05 May 2012]. Event, F.R., 2008. Proceedings of the International Consortium for Medical Abortion. Reproductive Health Matters, 16(31 Suppl), p.1-204. Harris, J., 1985. Abortion and Infanticide. Journal of Medical Ethics, 11(4), p.212. Heinrichs, L., 2002. Linking olfaction with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, recurrent abortion, hyperemesis gravidarum, and migraine headache. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 186(5 Suppl Understanding), p.S215-S219. Hundt, G.L., Bryanston, C., Lowe, P., Cross, S., Sandall, J. and Spencer, K. 2011. Inside â€Å"Inside View†: reflections on stimulating debate and engagement through a multimedia live theatre production on the dilemmas and issues of pre-natal screening policy and practice. Health expectations an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 14(1), p.1-9. Ingham, R. Lee, E., Clements, S.J. and Stone, N., 2008. Reasons for second trimester abortion in England and Wales. Reproductive Health Matters, 16(31 Suppl), p.18-29. Karasahin, K.E. and Keskin, U., 2011. Pain and abortion. Contraception, 84(3), p.337. Kasun, J., 1998. The War Against Population. San Francisco, USA: Ignatius Press. Kivity, S., Borow, M. and Shoenfeld, Y., 2009. Hippocrates’ Oath is challenged. The Israel Medical Association journal IMAJ, 11(10), pp.581-584. Koyama, A. and Williams, R., 2005. Abortion in Medical Institute Curricula. McGill Journal of Medicine, 8(2), pp.157-60. MacGuigan, M., 1994. Abortion, Conscience Democracy.   Toronto, Canada: Dundurn, Hounslow Press. Marston, C. and Cleland, J., 2003. Relationships between contraception and abortion: a review of the evidence. International Family Planning Perspectives, 29(1), pp.6-13. Nie, J.B., 2002. Chinese moral perspectives on abortion and foetal life: a historical account. New Zealand Bioethics Journal, 3(3), p.15-31. Outka, G. 2002.   The ethics of human stem cell research.   Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 12(2), pp.175-213. Polaino Lorente, A., 2009. Psychopathology and abortion. Cuadernos de bioetica revista oficial de la Asociacion Espanola de Bioetica y Etica Medica, 20(70), pp.357-380. Rosenfeld, J.A., 1992. Emotional responses to therapeutic abortion. American Family Physician, 45(1), p.137-140. Schultz, J.D., Van Assendelft, A., 1999. Encyclopedia of women in American politics. The American political landscape. (1st ed). Greenwood Publishing Group,   p. 195. Sedgh, G., Singh, S., Shah, I.H., Ahman, E., Henshaw, S.K. and Bankole, A. 2012. Induced abortion: incidence and trends worldwide from 1995 to 2008. Lancet, 6736(11), pp.1-8. Sheldon, S. and Wilkonson, S., 2010. Abortion and Disability. The disability studies reader. [online] Available from:   prochoiceforum.org.uk/aad5.asp. [cited 05 May 2012]. Smith, J., 1993. The Connection between Contraception and Abortion. University of Dallas. [online] Available from: goodmorals.org/smith4.htm [cited 05 May 2012]. SPUC, 2012. Abortion briefing. Society for the Protection of Unborn Children . [online] Available from:   spuc.org.uk/education/abortion/briefing [cited 05 May 2012]. The ICMA Information Package on Medical Abortion., 2012. Information for health care providers. INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM FOR MEDICAL ABORTION.   [online] Available from: medicalabortionconsortium.org/about.html [cited 05 May 2012]. Tremayne, S., 2000. Abortion in the Developing World. Journal of Medical Ethics, 26(6), pp.483-484. Warren, M.A. 2009. On the moral and legal status of abortion.   In Soifer (ed.). Ethical Issues: Perspectives for Canadians. (3rd ed). Toronto, Canada: Broadview Press.